1、减少交通噪音的方法英语作文带翻译
Excessive traffic noise is one of the most common complaints among American residents.Millions of people are affected by constant traffic noise in their own home.In fact,traffic noise impacts more people than any other environmental noise source.Traffic noise can affect the ability to work,learn,rest,relax,sleep,etc.Excessive noise can lead to mental and physical health problems.If your home is near a major road or you are experiencing problems with traffic noise,you may be able to limit the impact on yourself and your family.
There are basically four options for controlling traffic noise:constructing (or increasing the height of) a barrier wall,increasing the isolation quality of the home,masking the noise,or controlling the noise directly at the source.
Barrier Walls
Constructing or increasing the height of a barrier wall could result in a noticeable decrease in traffic noise.However,certain guidelines must be met in order for the wall to be effective:
Material
The wall must be solid with no penetrations in order to be effective.Any penetration,opening or gate can degrade the effectiveness of the barrier.Concrete walls are preferred,but other types of walls can also be effective.A barrier does not have to be a wall,it could also be a large earthen berm.A common misconception is that typical landscaping or vegetation can act as an effective barrier for traffic noise.Unless the vegetation is 100' thick and very dense,it will provide very little if any noise rection.
Distance
Typically,a barrier is more effective the closer it is to the source or to the receiver.Noise barriers are generally only effective for homes within 300 ft.of the roadway.
Height
The noise from automobile traffic is primarily from the tires on the pavement.This noise source is at 0' above the ground.Noise from large trucks is typically engine and exhaust noise and is approximately 8' above the ground.In order to be effective,a barrier wall must at least block the line of sight from the noise source to the receiver.Although a 6' high wall can help to rece auto traffic noise,it will do little if anything for heavy truck traffic.On the same note,if a home is on a hill or elevated above the roadway,a 6' high wall may not be adequate in blocking the line of sight,even for auto traffic.
Increasing the height of an existing wall by 1-2 ft.may make a difference depending on the line of sight issues mentioned above.However,if the wall already blocks the line of sight,increasing the height of the wall by a couple of feet will not provide a noticeable rection.In fact,the Department of Transportation states the general rule of thumb:each 1 ft.of height added to a wall,above the height that breaks the line of sight between the source (traffic) and receiver (residence),reces the noise level by ½ decibel (see table below).
Isolation Quality
Traffic noise can also be controlled at the receiver by increasing the isolation quality of the home.Noise is transmitted primarily through the weakest points.Almost always,the weakest points in the home would be the windows.Depending upon the isolation quality of the current windows,upgrading the window assemblies could provide at least some relief.Replacing the windows will not help dramatically if you already have decent windows.
Window isolation quality is expressed as a Sound Transmission Class (STC) rating.The higher the rating,the better the isolation quality of the window.A typical single pane window has an STC rating of 22-25.A typical al pane window has an STC of 27-32.(See table below).Specialty windows with higher STC ratings are also available.
In existing residences it could be very costly to replace the majority of the windows.Another option that may be less expensive and could proce even better results is to add a window insert in addition to your existing windows.The window insert is placed inside your existing window sill.
Please note that it is important to upgrade the windows that are both parallel and perpendicular to the roadway.It is almost never worthwhile to do anything to the exterior wall of the home,particularly if there is a window(s) in the wall.If the noise does not appear to be transmitting through the windows seek the help of a professional for further options.Contact us for a referral database of acoustical consultants.
Masking
Noise can also be masked at the receiver.Sound masking can be implemented outside or inside your home.This can be accomplished by an electronic sound masking system playing white noise/pink noise through noise generators.Other options include,indoor and outdoor water features,fans,or recordings of soothing sounds.However,this is sometimes perceived as adding more noise to a noisy environment.To learn more about masking systems,click here.
Control At The Source
As a resident you may not be able to control traffic noise at the source,but there are ways of limiting problems with traffic noise in the design of future roadways.Traffic noise increases with higher speed limits and with shorter distances from the road to the home.Recessing the roadway can rece the noise impact.Use of quiet pavement such as rubberized asphalt can also rece the impact by 4-5 decibels (see table below).Unlike conventional asphalt,rubberized asphalt maintains its noise rection properties over several years.
过度的交通噪声是一个在美国的居民最常见的投诉。数以百万计的人在自己家中不断的交通噪音的影响。事实上，交通噪声的影响比任何其他环境噪声源的更多的人。交通噪声会影响工作能力，学习，休息，放松，睡眠，etc.excessive噪声可导致精神和身体的健康问题。如果你家附近的主要道路或你遇到了交通噪声的问题，你可以限制你自己和你的家庭产生的影响。
控制交通噪声的方法基本上有四种：（或增加屏障墙的高度），增加家庭的隔离质量，掩蔽噪声，或控制源的噪声。
隔离墙
修建或增加一道屏障墙的高度，可能会导致交通噪声明显下降，但必须满足一定的指导原则：
材料
墙壁必须坚固以不渗透是有效的。任何渗透，启门可以降低有效性的障碍。混凝土墙是首选，但其他类型的墙也可以有效阻挡不需要一堵墙，它也可能是一个大土护堤。常见误解是典型的园林绿化或植被可以作为交通噪声的有效屏障。除非植被100厚、非常密集，这将提供很小如果任何降噪。
距离
通常，一个障碍是更有效的接近它的源或接收器。声屏障通常是唯一有效的院内300英尺的巷道。
高度
汽车交通噪声主要来自路面上的轮胎，噪声来源于地面0，大卡车噪声通常是发动机和排气噪声，约为8，在地面上，障碍墙必须至少阻挡视线从噪声源到接收器，虽然6的高墙可以帮助减少汽车交通噪声，但如果有任何重型卡车交通，如果一个家是在一座山或高架之上，6高的墙壁可能不足以挡住视线。
1-2 ft.may增加现有围墙高度有所作为取决于视力问题上述线。然而，如果墙体已经阻碍了视线，由一对夫妇的脚增加墙的高度，将不提供显着减少。事实上，交通运输部国家经验一般规则：每1英尺的高度加上墙，打破之间的源的视线高度（交通）和接收器（住宅），由½分贝降低噪音水平（见下表）。
分离质量
通过提高家庭的隔离度，也可以控制交通噪声，噪声主要是通过最薄弱的点，家中最薄弱的点是窗口，根据当前窗口的隔离质量，升级窗口组件可以提供至少一些缓解。如果你已经有了体面的窗口，将无法帮助。
窗口隔离质量表示为一个声音传输等级（STC）的评级，评级越高，更好的窗口的分离质量。一个典型的单窗格窗口有一个22-25 STC评级。一个典型的双窗格窗口具有27-32 STC。（见下表）。专业高隔音窗也可用。
在现有的住宅中，可以更换大部分的窗户是非常昂贵的，另一个选择可能更便宜，甚至可以产生更好的结果是添加一个窗口插入除了您现有的窗口，窗口插入放置在您现有的窗口窗台。
请注意，升级的窗口是平行和垂直于道路，这几乎是不值得做任何事情的外墙，特别是如果有一个窗口（在墙上），如果噪音不被发送通过窗口寻求帮助的专业人士进一步的选择。
掩蔽
噪音也可以在接收端被屏蔽，在你的家里可能会有声音掩蔽，这可以通过噪声发生器播放白噪声/粉红噪声来完成，其他选择包括，风扇，或录音，但是，这有时被认为是在嘈杂环境中增加更多的噪音。
源控制
作为一个居民，你可能无法控制交通噪声的来源，但也有道路交通噪声的限制问题，在未来的道路设计，
2、做英语阅读理解时总是做的很慢 怎样提高速度切正确率高？
做阅读理解时，要注意以下
1，学会间隔式阅读，就是不会的词或者词组先跳过，根据句子的意思或者上下文大致推出这个词的意思。
2，三遍法提高阅读效率
第1步
粗读
大略明白意思
第2步
细读
明白80%以上
第3步
从问题再搞明白不懂的
每天积累几个单词，你会发现阅读速度快好多
关于阅读理解的问题
一般分几种
1，文中有答案，照搬下来的，这是最简单的
2，文中有条件，答案一般要靠自己想的
比如文中说了
……There
are
3
boys
and
4
girls.……
问题问共有多少个小孩
就可以知道是7的
3，问中没有条件但是有涉及到的，答案要靠自己
比如说
一篇关于月球的文章
它又在问题中问
The
moon
is
go
around
the
________
A
earth
B
sun
C
itself
D
not
mention
诸如此类
这是技巧
但是关键是要提高自己的阅读量
自己找找些中英对照的名著来阅读等
相信你可以很快提高你的阅读水平
Studying
English
well
isn't
as
diffcult
as
you
think.Go
for
it.
3、英语阅读理解题失分严重，怎样有效减少失分
解释如下
要想提高英语阅读理解，建议采用以下三种方法：
1、抓主题，正确分析文章的中心思想
要抓住文章的中心思想，就要找它的主题句，一般文章的主题句，在第一段的第一句，有时也有可能在第二段或最后一段，所以阅读时要特别注意文章的开头和结尾，但也有可能主题句不明显，难找，这时就应注意句子间的逻辑关系。如果文章所表达的意思是对某个句子进行说明，描写或解释，那么该句肯定是主题句，从而明确文章的中心思想。
2、使用不同的阅读方式找寻信息
在阅读考题中，常有关于主要事实与细节的题目可采取寻读法，找寻有关信息，迅速判断所查内容的大概位置，认真读所要的信息。对于与题目无关的内容，可采用略读法，以减少阅读时间，提高阅读效率。
3、利用已知信息进行判断推理
做阅读理解题时，往往会要求判断一些没有直接表达的观点或作者的态度，这样的考题虽没有直接的答案，但在通读全文的基础上，可根据已知的信息，进行由此及彼，由表及里的推断，从而得出准确答案，做这样的题目时，要理解和遵照作者的意图，有时作者直截了当表明观点，更多时候，借用别人的观点来表明自己的立场，或通过转折词来提出与前面相反的观点，因此确定作者的观点时，必须联系全文，通篇进行考虑分析。
4、英语阅读理解怎样提高速度?
这里只讲应试方面阅读理解:
STEP:
1.先看设问,问了哪些,通常有大意题,词语意思题,细节题等等,特别是细节题,你要看看讲什么,这样看文章时会针对性的看,节约时间.
2.读文章,不懂的单词跳过.
3.做题目.词语意思题注意要读上下文.大意题记得抓全文.
总结了就是"先看题目后读题再针对性地去做"
开始每天练1-2篇,就可以了,我现在熟练了,阅读基本都不做.考试基本全对.
还有,生词是一个关,想要轻松读文章,特别是一些上课没有交的,就是靠平时了.这是无法避免的.
希望以上建议对你有帮助.
5、关于减少私家车的使用的高三英语作文
W
6、我做英语阅读题的速度非常慢，怎样才能提高速度？
先看题目再阅读，这个方法非常管用，而且不会影响质量，这样读的时候就有目的了，不会盲目的去读，要是时间不够你还可以挑着跟问题里的选项差不多的地方去读去分析，这样也会让你事半功倍
PS：我是英语系毕业的，现在当英语老师，这是我多年总结出的经验
7、急需帮助！英语阅读理解的正确率越来越低怎么办？
[qq:13]
多研究真题吧。看一下高等教育出版社出的那个英语考试分析。
要揣摩阅读题的出题思路。
给楼主2个建议：
1、读懂每段话的第1句话。这个很重要。
2、做题目的时候，最好能返回原文找相关的依据，并用铅笔划出来。
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